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What is babesiosis? Babesiosis is a rare, severe and sometimes fatal tick-borne disease caused by an infection with a red blood cell parasite. (Babesia microti and other Babesia species). Who gets babesiosis? Babesiosis is seen most frequently in the elderly or in immunocompromised individuals. Cases or this disease have been reported during spring, summer and fall in coastal areas in the northeastern United States, especially Nantucket Island on the Massachusetts shore and on Long Island, New York. Cases have also been reported in Wisconsin, California, Georgia and some European countries. Severe cases or babesiosis occur in people who have had their spleen removed. How is babesiosis spread? Babesiosis is caused by a parasite transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick. The tick is carried by meadow moles, mice and deer. Transmission to humans generally occurs from the bite of the nymph, while the adult tick generally feeds on deer. Transmission can also occur via contaminated blood transfusion. What are the symptoms of babesiosis? The disease can cause fever, fatigue and hemolytic anemia lasting from several days to several months. Infections can occur without producing symptoms. How soon do symptoms appear? It may take from one week to 12 months for symptoms to appear; less time for immunocompromised people. Does past infection with babesiosis make a person immune? It is not known whether past infection with babesiosis can make a person immune. What is the treatment for babesiosis? A combination for drugs (clindumycin and quinine) has been effective in many patients. In severe cases transfusions or dialysis may be necessary. What can be done to prevent the spread of babesiosis? It is important to control rodents around human habitation and to use tick repellant. It is helpful to wear light colored clothing and to tuck pants into socks when walking through tick-infected areas. 3/98
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